中华人民共和国对外贸易法(附英文)

１９９４年５月１２日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第七次会议通过

    第一章 总 则
    第一条 为了发展对外贸易，维护对外贸易秩序，促进社会主义市场经济的健康
发展，制定本法。
    第二条 本法所称对外贸易，是指货物进出口、技术进出口和国际服务贸易。
    第三条 国务院对外经济贸易主管部门依照本法主管全国对外贸易工作。
    第四条 国家实行统一的对外贸易制度，依法维护公平的、自由的对外贸易秩序。
国家鼓励发展对外贸易，发挥地方的积极性，保障对外贸易经营者的经营自主权。
    第五条 中华人民共和国根据平等互利的原则，促进和发展同其他国家和地区的
贸易关系。
    第六条 中华人民共和国在对外贸易方面根据所缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定，给予其他缔约方、参加方或者根据互惠、对等原则给予对方最惠国待遇、国民待遇。
    第七条 任何国家或者地区在贸易方面对中华人民共和国采取歧视性的禁止、限制或者其他类似措施的，中华人民共和国可以根据实际情况对该国家或者该地区采取相应的措施。

    第二章 对外贸易经营者
    第八条 本法所称对外贸易经营者，是指依照本法规定从事对外贸易经营活动的
法人和其他组织。
    第九条 从事货物进出口与技术进出口的对外贸易经营，必须具备下列条件，经
国务院对外经济贸易主管部门许可：
（一）有自己的名称和组织机构；
（二）有明确的对外贸易经营范围；
（三）具有其经营的对外贸易业务所必需的场所、资金和专业人员；
（四）委托他人办理进出口业务达到规定的实绩或者具有必需的进出口货源；
（五）法律、行政法规规定的其他条件。
前款规定的实施办法由国务院规定。
外商投资企业依照有关外商投资企业的法律、行政法规的规定，进口企业自用的
非生产物品，进口企业生产所需的设备、原材料和其他物资，出口其生产的产品，免
予办理第一款规定的许可。
    第十条 国际服务贸易企业和组织的设立及其经营活动，应当遵守本法和其他有
关法律、行政法规的规定。
    第十一条 对外贸易经营者依法自主经营、自负盈亏。
    第十二条 对外贸易经营者从事对外贸易经营活动，应当信守合同，保证商品质
量，完善售后服务。
    第十三条 没有对外贸易经营许可的组织或者个人，可以在国内委托对外贸易经
营者在其经营范围内代为办理其对外贸易业务。
接受委托的对外贸易经营者应当向委托方如实提供市场行情、商品价格、客户情
况等有关的经营信息。委托方与被委托方应当签订委托合同，双方的权利义务由合同
约定。
    第十四条 对外贸易经营者应当按照国务院对外经济贸易主管部门的规定，向有
关部门提交与其对外贸易经营活动有关的文件及资料。有关部门应当为提供者保守商
业秘密。

    第三章 货物进出口与技术进出口
    第十五条 国家准许货物与技术的自由进出口。但是，法律、行政法规另有规定
的除外。
    第十六条 属于下列情形之一的货物、技术，国家可以限制进口或者出口：
（一）为维护国家安全或者社会公共利益，需要限制进口或者出口的；
（二）国内供应短缺或者为有效保护可能用竭的国内资源，需要限制出口的；
（三）输往国家或者地区的市场容量有限，需要限制出口的；
（四）为建立或者加快建立国内特定产业，需要限制进口的；
（五）对任何形式的农业、牧业、渔业产品有必要限制进口的；
（六）为保障国家国际金融地位和国际收支平衡，需要限制进口的；
（七）根据中华人民共和国所缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定的规定，需要限制进
口或者出口的。
    第十七条 属于下列情形之一的货物、技术，国家禁止进口或者出口：
（一）危害国家安全或者社会公共利益的；
（二）为保护人的生命或者健康，必须禁止进口或者出口的；
（三）破坏生态环境的；
（四）根据中华人民共和国所缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定的规定，需要禁止进
口或者出口的。
    第十八条 国务院对外经济贸易主管部门应当会同国务院有关部门，依照本法第
十六条、第十七条的规定，制定、调整并公布限制或者禁止进出口的货物、技术目录
。
国务院对外经济贸易主管部门或者由其会同国务院有关部门，经国务院批准，可
以在本法第十六条、第十七条规定的范围内，临时决定限制或者禁止前款规定目录以
外的特定货物、技术的进口或者出口。
    第十九条 对限制进口或者出口的货物，实行配额或者许可证管理；对限制进口
或者出口的技术，实行许可证管理。
实行配额或者许可证管理的货物、技术，必须依照国务院规定经国务院对外经济
贸易主管部门或者由其会同国务院有关部门许可，方可进口或者出口。
    第二十条 进出口货物配额，由国务院对外经济贸易主管部门或者国务院有关部
门在各自的职责范围内，根据申请者的进出口实绩、能力等条件，按照效益、公正、
公开和公平竞争的原则进行分配。
配额的分配方式和办法由国务院规定。
    第二十一条 对文物、野生动植物及其产品等货物、物品，其他法律、行政法规
有禁止进出口或者限制进出口规定的，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定办理。

    第四章 国际服务贸易
    第二十二条 国家促进国际服务贸易的逐步发展。
    第二十三条 中华人民共和国在国际服务贸易方面根据所缔结或者参加的国际条
约、协定中所作的承诺，给予其他缔约方、参加方市场准入和国民待遇。
    第二十四条 国家基于下列原因之一，可以限制国际服务贸易：
（一）为维护国家安全或者社会公共利益；
（二）为保护生态环境；
（三）为建立或者加快建立国内特定的服务行业；
（四）为保障国家外汇收支平衡；
（五）法律、行政法规规定的其他限制。
    第二十五条 属于下列情形之一的国际服务贸易，国家予以禁止：
（一）危害国家安全或者社会公共利益的；
（二）违反中华人民共和国承担的国际义务的；
（三）法律、行政法规规定禁止的。
    第二十六条 国务院对外经济贸易主管部门和国务院有关部门，依照本法和其他
有关法律、行政法规，对国际服务贸易进行管理。

    第五章 对外贸易秩序
    第二十七条 对外贸易经营者在对外贸易经营活动中，应当依法经营，公平竞争
，不得有下列行为：
（一）伪造、变造或者买卖进出口原产地证明、进出口许可证；
（二）侵害中华人民共和国法律保护的知识产权；
（三）以不正当竞争手段排挤竞争对手；
（四）骗取国家的出口退税；
（五）违反法律、行政法规规定的其他行为。
    第二十八条 对外贸易经营者在对外贸易经营活动中，应当依照国家有关规定结
汇、用汇。
    第二十九条 因进口产品数量增加，使国内相同产品或者与其直接竞争的产品的
生产者受到严重损害或者严重损害的威胁时，国家可以采取必要的保障措施，消除或
者减轻这种损害或者损害的威胁。
    第三十条 产品以低于正常价值的方式进口，并由此对国内已建立的相关产业造
成实质损害或者产生实质损害的威胁，或者对国内建立相关产业造成实质阻碍时，国
家可以采取必要措施，消除或者减轻这种损害或者损害的威胁或者阻碍。
    第三十一条 进口的产品直接或者间接地接受出口国给予的任何形式的补贴，并
由此对国内已建立的相关产业造成实质损害或者产生实质损害的威胁，或者对国内建
立相关产业造成实质阻碍时，国家可以采取必要措施，消除或者减轻这种损害或者损
害的威胁或者阻碍。
    第三十二条 发生第二十九条、第三十条、第三十一条规定的情况时，国务院规
定的部门或者机构应当依照法律、行政法规的规定进行调查，作出处理。

    第六章 对外贸易促进
    第三十三条 国家根据对外贸易发展的需要，建立和完善为对外贸易服务的金融
机构，设立对外贸易发展基金、风险基金。
    第三十四条 国家采取进出口信贷、出口退税及其他对外贸易促进措施，发展对
外贸易。
    第三十五条 对外贸易经营者可以依法成立和参加进出口商会。
进出口商会应当遵守法律、行政法规，依照章程对其会员的对外贸易经营活动进行
协调指导，提供咨询服务，向政府有关部门反映会员有关对外贸易促进方面的建议，
并积极开展对外贸易促进活动。
    第三十六条 中国国际贸易促进组织依照章程开展对外联系，举办展览，提供信
息、咨询服务和其他对外贸易促进活动。
    第三十七条 国家扶持和促进民族自治地方和经济不发达地区发展对外贸易。

    第七章 法律责任
    第三十八条 走私禁止进出口或者限制进出口的货物，构成犯罪的，依照惩治走
私罪的补充规定追究刑事责任；不构成犯罪的，依照海关法的规定处罚。国务院对外
经济贸易主管部门并可以撤销其对外贸易经营许可。
    第三十九条 伪造、变造进出口原产地证明、进出口许可证，依照刑法第一百六
十七条的规定追究刑事责任；买卖进出口原产地证明、进出口许可证或者买卖伪造、
变造的进出口原产地证明、进出口许可证，比照刑法第一百六十七条的规定追究刑事
责任。
单位犯前款罪的，判处罚金，并对单位直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员
依照或者比照刑法第一百六十七条的规定追究刑事责任。国务院对外经济贸易主管部
门并可以撤销其对外贸易经营许可。
明知是伪造、变造的进出口许可证而用以进口或者出口货物，依照本法第三十八
条的规定处罚。
    第四十条 违反本法规定，进口或者出口禁止进出口或者限制进出口的技术，构
成犯罪的，比照惩治走私罪的补充规定追究刑事责任。
    第四十一条 国家对外贸易工作人员玩忽职守、徇私舞弊或者滥用职权，构成犯
罪的，依法追究刑事责任；不构成犯罪的，给予行政处分。
国家对外贸易工作人员利用职务上的便利，索取他人财物，或者非法收受他人财
物为他人谋取利益，构成犯罪的，依照惩治贪污罪贿赂罪的补充规定追究刑事责任；
不构成犯罪的，给予行政处分。

    第八章 附 则
    第四十二条 国家对边境城镇与接壤国家边境城镇之间的贸易以及边民互市贸易
，采取灵活措施，给予优惠和便利。具体办法由国务院规定。
    第四十三条 中华人民共和国的单独关税区不适用本法。
    第四十四条 本法自１９９４年７月１日起施行。
FOREIGN TRADE LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Adopted at the 7th Session of the Standing
Committee of the 8thNat
ional People's Congress and Promulgated on May 12,
1994)

Whole document

FOREIGN TRADE LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Adopted at the 7th Session of the Standing
Committee of the 8th
National People's Congress and Promulgated on May
12, 1994)

Chapter I Principles

Article 1
This Law is formulated with a view to developing
the foreign trade,
maintaining the foreign trade order and promoting
a healthy development of
the socialist market economy.
Article 2
Foreign trade as mentioned in this Law shall cover
the import and
export of goods, technologies and the
international trade in services.
Article 3
The authority responsible for foreign trade and
economic relations
under the State Council is in charge of the
administration of the foreign
trade of the entire country pursuant to this Law.
Article 4
The State shall apply the foreign trade system on
a uniform basis and
maintain a fair and free foreign trade order in
accordance with law.
The State encourages the development of its
foreign trade, exercises
the initiative of localities and safeguards the
autonomy of business
operation of the foreign trade dealers.
Article 5
The People's Republic of China promotes and
develops trade ties with
other countries and regions on the principles of
equality and mutual
benefit.
Article 6
The People's Republic of China shall, under
international treaties or
agreements to which the People's Republic of China
is a contracting party
or a participating party, grant the other
contracting parties or
participating parties, or on the principles of
mutual advantage and
reciprocity, grant the other party
most-favored-nation treatment or
national treatment within the field of foreign
trade.
Article 7
In the event that any country or region applies
discriminatory
prohibition, restriction or other like measures
against the People's
Republic of China in respect of trade, the
People's Republic of China may,
as the case may be, take counter-measures against
the country or region in
question.

Chapter II Foreign Trade Dealers

Article 8
Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law
shall cover the legal
entities and other organizations engaged in
foreign trade dealings in
compliance with the provisions of this Law.
Article 9
A foreign trade dealer who intends to engage in
the import and export
of goods and technologies shall fulfill the
following requirements and
acquire the permit from the authority responsible
for foreign trade and
economic relations under the State Council:
1. having its own name and corporate structure;
2. having definite scope of business in foreign
trade;
3. having place of business, financial resources
and professional
personnel essential to the foreign trade dealings
which it intends to
engage in;
4. having a required record of import and export
which were effected
on its behalf or having necessary sources of goods
for import or export;
5. other requirements provided in relevant laws
and administrative
regulations.
The detailed rules for the implementation of the
preceding paragraph
are to be laid down by the State Council.
Enterprises with foreign investment shall be
exempt from the permit
requirement provided in paragraph 1 with respect
to their import of
non-productive articles for their own use, import
of equipments and raw
materials and other articles necessary for their
production as well as the
export of the products they produce under the
relevant provisions of laws
and administrative regulations governing
enterprises with foreign
investment.
Article 10
The establishment and operation of enterprises and
organizations
engaged in international trade in services shall
be in compliance with the
provisions of this Law and other relevant laws and
administrative
regulations.
Article 11
Foreign trade dealers shall enjoy full autonomy in
their business
operation and be responsible for their own profits
and losses in
accordance with law.
Article 12
In foreign trade activities foreign trade dealers
should honor their
contracts, ensure the quality of the commodity and
perfect the after-sale
services.

Article 13
Any organization or individual without foreign
trade operation permit
may entrust a foreign trade dealer located in
China as its agent to
conduct its foreign trade business within the
business scope of the
latter.
The entrusted foreign trade dealer shall provide
the principal with
actual business information such as market
situation, commodity prices and
client position. The agent and the principal shall
conclude and sign an
agency agreement, in which the rights and
obligations of both parties
should be specified.
Article 14
Foreign trade dealers are obligated to provide
documents and
information in relation to their foreign trade
dealings to the relevant
authorities pursuant to the regulations of the
authority responsible for
foreign trade and economic relations under the
State Council. The relevant
authorities shall not disclose the business
proprietary information
provided by the dealers.

Chapter III Import and Export of Goods and
Technologies

Article 15
The State allows free import and export of goods
and technologies
except where laws or administrative regulations
provided otherwise.
Article 16
The State may impose restrictions on the import or
export of goods and
technologies in any of the following circumstances:
(1) where the import or export shall be restricted
in order to
safeguard the national security or public interest;
(2) where the export shall be restricted on
account of domestic
shortage in supply or effective protection of
exhaustible domestic
resources;
(3) where the export shall be restricted due to
the limited market
capacity of the importing country or region;
(4) where the import shall be restricted in order
to establish or
accelerate the establishment of a particular
domestic industry;
(5) where the restriction on the import of
agricultural, animal
husbandry or fishery products in any form is
necessary;
(6) where the import shall be restricted in order
to maintain the
State's international financial status and the
balance of international
payments.
(7) where, as the international treaties or
agreements to which the
People's Republic of China is a contracting party
or a participating party
require, the import or export shall be restricted.
Article 17
The State prohibits the import or export of any
goods or technologies
in any of the following circumstances:
(1) where such goods or technologies will endanger
national security
or public interest;
(2) where the import or export of such goods or
technologies must be
prohibited in order to protect human life or
health;
(3) where such goods or technologies will disrupt
the ecological
environment;
(4) where the import or export of such goods or
technologies shall be
prohibited in accordance with the provisions of
international treaties or
agreements to which the People's Republic of China
is a contracting party
or participating party.
Article 18
The authority responsible for foreign trade and
economic relations
under the State Council shall, in collaboration
with the relevant
authorities under the State Council and in
accordance with the provisions
of Article 16 and Article 17 of this Law,
formulate, adjust and publish
the list of goods and technologies whose import or
export are subject to
restrictions or prohibitions.
Upon the approval of the State Council the
authority responsible for
foreign trade and economic relations under the
State Council may, within
the framework of Article 16 and Article 17,
independently or in
collaboration with the relevant authorities under
the State Council
determine, on a temporary basis, to impose
restriction or prohibition on
the import or export of particular goods or
technologies not included in
the list mentioned in the preceding paragraph.

Article 19
Goods whose import or export is restricted shall
be subject to quota
and/or licensing control; technologies whose
import or export is
restricted shall be subject to licensing control.
Import or export of any goods and technologies
subject to quota and/or
licensing control will be effected only with the
approval of the
authorities responsible for foreign trade and
economic relations under the
State Council or the joint approval of the
foregoing authorities and other
authorities concerned under the State Council in
compliance with the
provisions of the State Council.
Article 20
Import and export quotas of goods shall be
distributed on the basis of
the conditions including but not limited to the
actual import or export
performance and capability of the applicants in
foreign trade dealings and
on the basis of the principles of efficiency,
impartiality, transparency
and fair competition by the authority responsible
for foreign trade and
economic relations under the State Council or the
relevant authorities
under the State Council within their respective
responsibilities.
The ways and means of the distribution of quotas
are to be regulated
by the State Council.
Article 21
Where the import or export of goods, articles such
as cultural
relics, wildlife animals, plants and the products
thereof are prohibited
or restricted by other laws or administrative
regulations, the provisions
of the laws and regulations in question shall be
observed.

Chapter IV International Trade in Services

Article 22
The State promotes the progressive development of
the international
trade in services.
Article 23
With respect to international trade in services,
the People's Republic
of China, pursuant to the commitments made in
international treaties or
agreements to which the People's Republic of China
is a contracting party
or a participating party, grants the other
contracting parties and
participating parties market access and national
treatment.
Article 24
The State may restrict international trade in
services on the basis of
any of the following considerations:
1. in order to safeguard the national security or
public interest;
2. in order to protect the ecological environment;
3. in order to establish or accelerate the
establishment of a
particular domestic service industry;
4. in order to maintain the State's balance of
international payments;
5. other restrictions provided in relevant laws
and administrative
regulations.
Article 25
The State prohibits any international trade in
services which:
1. may endanger national security or public
interest;
2. is contrary to the international obligations
undertaken by the
People's Republic of China;
3. is prohibited by relevant laws and
administrative regulations.
Article 26
The authority responsible for foreign trade and
economic relations
under the State Council and the relevant
authorities under the State
Council are responsible for the administration of
international trade in
services in accordance with this Law and other
relevant laws and
administrative regulations.

Chapter V Foreign Trade Order

Article 27
In foreign trade activities, foreign trade dealers
shall operate their
business in accordance with law and abide by the
principle of fair
competition and are prohibited from the following
acts:
(1) forgery, distortion or trading of certificates
of country of
origin and import or export licenses;
(2) infringement on the intellectual property
rights protected by the
laws of the People's Republic of China;
(3) squeezing out competitors with undue conducts
of competition;
(4) defrauding the State of the refunded tax on
exports;
(5) other acts contrary to the provisions of laws
and administrative
regulations.
Article 28
In foreign trade activities, foreign trade dealers
shall settle and
use foreign exchanges in accordance with relevant
regulations of the
State.
Article 29
Where a product is imported in such increased
quantities as to cause
or threaten to cause serious injury to domestic
producers of like or
directly competitive products, the State may take
necessary safeguard
measures to remove or ease such injury or threat
of injury.
Article 30
Where a product is imported at less than normal
value of the product
and causes or threatens to cause material injury
to an established
domestic industry concerned, or materially retards
the establishment of a
particular domestic industry, the State may take
necessary measures in
order to remove or ease such injury or threat of
injury or retardation.
Article 31
Where an imported product is subsidized in any
form directly or
indirectly by the country of export and causes or
threatens to cause
material injury to an established domestic
industry concerned or
materially retards the establishment of a domestic
industry, the State may
take necessary measures in order to remove or ease
such injury or threat
of injury or retardation.
Article 32
In the events referred to in Article 29, Article
30 and Article 31,
the authority or agency designated by the State
Council shall conduct
investigations and make determinations in
accordance with relevant laws
and administrative regulations.

Chapter VI Promotion of Foreign Trade

Article 33
The State shall establish and improve financial
institutions for
foreign trade and establish funds for foreign
trade development and risk
as the development of foreign trade requires.
Article 34
The State may take import and export credit,
export tax refund and
other foreign trade promotion measures for the
purpose of the development
of foreign trade.
Article 35
Foreign trade dealers may establish or join
Chambers of Commerce for
Importers and Exporters in accordance with law.
Chambers of Commerce for Importers and Exporters
shall abide by
relevant laws and administrative regulations,
coordinate and guide the
foreign trade activities of their members under
their Articles of
Association, provide advisory services, report to
the relevant authorities
of the Government the suggestions of their members
with respect to foreign
trade promotion, and actively promote foreign
trade.
Article 36
The international trade promotion organization of
China shall, in
accordance with its Articles of Association,
engage in development of
foreign trade relations, sponsor exhibitions,
provide information and
advisory services and carry out other foreign
trade promotive activities.
Article 37
The State shall support and promote the
development of foreign trade
in national autonomous areas and economically
under-developed areas.

Chapter VII Legal Liabilities

Article 38
Anyone who smuggles goods that are subject to
import or export
prohibitions or restrictions, and hereby commits
criminal offenses, shall
be subject to criminal prosecution pursuant to the
Supplementary Decision
on the Punishment of Smuggling Crimes. Those
offenses of smuggling which
do not constitute crimes shall be subject to
sanctions under the
provisions of the Customs Law. In addition, the
authority responsible for
foreign trade and economic relations under the
State Council may withdraw
the foreign trade operation permit of the offender
in question.
Article 39
Anyone who commits forgery distortion of
certificates of country of
origin or license for import or export shall be
subject to criminal
prosecution under Article 167 of the Criminal Law.
Anyone who commits
trading of certificates of country of origin or
license for import or
export or trading of forged or distorted
certificates of country of origin
or license for import or export sha