From investment to outcomes 从投入到产出
One of the OECD’s main contributions to how science is done relates to the concept of national innovation systems – turning investment in science into profitable and socially beneficial outcomes. 在对待科学的态度问题方面，经济合作与发展组织（OECD）的主要贡献之一与国家创新体系这个概念有关，即要把在科学研究上的投入转化为具有经济、社会效益的成果。

For a national innovation system to be successful, an understanding of science and technology is necessary not only for those whose livelihood depends on it directly, but also for the policy makers whose decisions influence what is done and how. 一个国家的创新体系要想获得成功，不仅需要那些生活与其息息相关的人们对科学技术有一个深入理解，更需要那些决策者们也要对其深入理解，因为他们的决策将影响到要做什么，以及怎么做。It’s also important for any citizen who wishes to make informed choices about questions ranging from stem cell research to climate change, and the issues that are bound to emerge in the years to come. 无论是从干细胞研究到全球气候变化，还是未来几年中必须要面对的种种问题，对于那些想就这些问题做出明智选择的普通大众来说，这一点也是很重要的。

At the same time, there is this concern that science and technology are evolving more quickly than our ability to understand them or design policy to govern them.同时，人们也担心科学技术的发展速度会远远超出我们理解、并出台相关政策去约束它的能力。
The OECD addresses these concerns through a wide-ranging programme of work that looks at specific industries; 为了应对这些问题和担心，经济合作与发展组织（OECD）制定并执行了一系列工作方案进行了广泛的研究，对具体行业进行考察；

the interactions of science and technology with factors shaping the world economy generally, 研究科学技术与影响世界经济的各个因素的的相互作用，such as the globalisation of markets; and ways to protect consumers while promoting the benefits of innovation. 比如市场全球化因素；考量如何在促进创新获取更多利益的同时，更好地保护消费者利益。