Convergence and co-operation 交融与合作
Foremost among the latter are nanotechnology and biotechnology. 重点学科之中最重要的是纳米技术和生物技术。Each is fascinating in itself, offering wide range of benefits, such as providing renewable energy and clean water or improving health.
这两项技术本身都极具吸引力，可以使我们在很多方面都受益，譬如这些技术可用于提供可再生能源和洁净水，用于改善健康状况。However, unlocking this potential will require a co-ordinated approach to ensure that potential problems are addressed at the same time as the technology is developing. 然而，发掘这些技术的潜力需要协同合作，以保证在技术发展的同时，解决潜在的问题。Here the OECD with its wide range of technical competence, policy expertise and reputation for objectivity is playing a unique part in shaping the governance of the new technologies.   基于其所具备的各领域的技术能力、政策专家以及客观公正的信誉，经济合作与发展组织（OECD）在新技术管理的方面正在发挥着独特的作用。 Nanotechnology and biotechnology illustrate one of the major characteristics of modern science: convergence. 纳米技术和生物技术都显示出现代科学的一个主要特征：交融性。We still tend to think in terms of traditional disciplines such as mathematics, physics, chemistry and so on, but many of the most promising new discoveries come about by combining numerous strands of research and technology.虽然我们还是倾向于按照传统的分科方式来思考问题，比如数学、物理学、化学等等，但是如今许多最具前景的新发现都是在融合了多项研究和技术之后而产生的。

For example, nanotechnology could have many applications in medical and lifesciences due to the fact that nanoscale devices are a hundred to ten thousand times smaller than human cells and are similar in size to large biological molecules (biomolecules) such as enzymes.
例如，纳米技术在医药和生命科学有多方面的应用，这是因为纳米装置比人细胞小一百倍到一万倍，与酶等生物分子大小相似。

Nanodevices could easily enter most cells, and some could be made small enough to move out of blood vessels as they circulate through the body. 纳米装置易于进入大多数细胞，一些做得足够小的纳米装置甚至还可在人体中循环时从血管中穿出。

In cancer treatment, this means that it could be possible to inject into the body devices capable of bypassing biological barriers to deliver multiple therapeutic agents directly to cancer cells and those tissues that play a critical role in the growth and metastasis of cancer. 这意味着在癌症治疗中，可以将该装置注入到人体内，继而绕过生物障碍，最终将大量的药物直接运输到癌细胞以及在癌细胞生长和扩散中起重要作用的组织中去。
Designing and manufacturing such devices though requires cooperation across a number of scientific and technological fields from molecular chemistry to engineering.但是设计和制造这样的装置却需要从分子化学到工程学等多学科跨领域的合作。