（二）房屋结构标准 (II) Housing Structural Standards
建筑结构设计使用年限为50年，安全等级为二级。结构设计应满足耐久性的规定，本工程混凝土地上结构的环境类别按“一类”设计，地下结构的环境类别按“二类b”设计。
Design serviceable life is 50 years and safety level is Level Two for the project. Durability requirements shall be met in the design. Environmental category of concrete overground structure in the project is designed according to Category One and for underground structure according to Category Two b.
1．主要技术标准
1. Main Technical Standards
（1）荷载标准
 (1)  Load Standard
1）永久荷载
1) Permanent Load
结构自重：钢筋混凝土构件自重25kN/m3，素混凝土构件自重22kN/m3，钢结构自重78.5kN/m3。
Structural dead weight: the dead weight of reinforced concrete component is 25kN/m3, of plain concrete component is 22kN/m3, and of steel structure is 78.5kN/m3.
2）可变荷载
2) Variable Load
基本雪压：0.25kN/m2        基本风压：0.60kN/m2
Basic snow load: 0.25kN/m2        Basic wind load: 0.60kN/m2
3）房屋建筑楼、屋面活荷载标准值（具体设计中，应根据各设备专业提供的荷载值进行修正，未列活荷载取值按各规范执行）：
3) Standard value of live load of housing construction floor and roof (modified according to the load value provided by all equipment specialties in specific design; if not listed, the value of live load should be taken according to all codes):
通信、信号设备用房：6.5kN/m2
Rooms for communication and signaling devices: 6.5kN/m2
办公室、会议室：2.0kN/m2
Office, meeting rooms: 2.0kN/m2
食堂： 3.5 kN/m2
Dining hall 3.5 kN/m2
多功能厅：4.0kN/m2 
Multifunctional hall: 4.0kN/m2
不上人屋面：0.5kN/m2   
Inaccessible room: 0.5kN/m2
一般上人屋面：2.0kN/m2
Common accessible room: 2.0kN/m2
4）吊车等工艺设备荷载按工艺的资料和要求。
4) The load of crane, and other process equipments should be taken according to the data and requirements of the process.
车辆自重：按车辆专业提供资料
Dead weight of the vehicle: providing data according to the specialty of the vehicle
5）施工荷载：应考虑设备运输及安装荷载，施工机具荷载，地面堆载，材料堆载等。具体设计中应根据工艺设备专业要求进行调整。
5) Construction load: equipment transportation and installation load, load of construction tools, ground surcharge, material surcharge, etc.  Adjustment should be made according to the requirements of process equipment specialty in specific design.
（2）材料选用
 (2) Material Selection
轻钢结构：采用Q235B或Q345B钢材，焊条采用E43XX或E50XX，   M10.9 S级高强螺栓，并需满足GB/T12280～231-91的要求。
Light steel structure: adopting Q235B or Q345B steels, E43XX or E50XX electrode, M10.9 S level high strength bolts, and should also satisfy the requirements from GB/T12280 to 231-91.
框架结构：梁，板，柱采用C30及C30以上混凝土，防水混凝土（抗渗标号为S6或S8）。钢筋主筋采用HRB400级（即Ⅲ级）钢筋或 HRB335级（即Ⅱ级），箍筋采用HPB235级或HRB335级。
Frame structure: adopting C30 or above concrete for beams, slabs and columns. Waterproof concrete with the anti-penetration grade of S6 or S8 should be used.  Reinforcement with the level of HRB400 (that is level III) or the level of HRB335 (that is level II) should be used as the main reinforcement. The reinforcement with the level of HPB235 or HRB335 should be used as the reinforcement stirrup.
砌体结构楼（屋）面板：钢筋HPB235（φ）、HRB335（Φ），混凝土C25、C30。
Floor (roof) slab of masonry structure: reinforcement HPB235(φ) and HRB335(Φ) , concrete C25 andC30。
2．上部结构
2. Upper structure

华译网北京翻译公司翻译过大量有关房屋结构标准的文件资料,Beijing Chinese Translation Service Company has translated many technical documents about Housing Structural Standards
一般房屋采用砖混结构，大型综合生产办公房屋及技术作业复杂的生产房屋采用钢筋砼框架结构。厂房采用轻钢结构。
Brick-concrete structure is adopted for common buildings, steel concrete frame structure for large-scale comprehensive production and office buildings and production buildings involving complicated technical operation and light steel structure for factory buildings.
3．下部结构
3. Lower structure
（1）非填方地段的房屋，一般砖混结构采用M5.0水泥砂浆砌MU30片石条形基础或C30钢筋混凝土条形基础，框架结构及钢结构的房屋采用柱下独立基础或柱下钢筋混凝土条形基础，工业厂房采用钢筋混凝土杯形基础，特殊地质条件的工点，基础形式应视具体情况单项研究决定。基础的环境类别为二类b。
(1) For houses in non-fill sections, MU30 flagstone strip foundation or C30 reinforced concrete strip foundation with M5.0 cement mortar should be adopted for brick-concrete structure in general. For houses with frame structure and steel structure, independent foundation under columns or reinforced concrete strip foundation under columns should be adopted. Reinforced concrete cup-type foundation should be adopted for industrial workshops. For work points with special geological conditions, the type of the foundation should be decided by studying the specific situations.  The environment type of the foundation is class 2b.
（2）基础埋深：考虑土壤最大冻结深度后，一般应埋入老土层以下0.5m。
 (2) Buried depth of the foundation: after taking into account of the maximum frozen depth of soil, it is generally buried under the old soil layer for 0.5m.
（3）地基处理：
 (3) Foundation Treatment
1）基础底填土3米以内一般采用砂夹石垫层换填，砂夹石级配为天然级配，每300mm厚为一层，分层洒水夯实，压实系数满足《建筑地基基础设计规范》6.3.4条的规定。
1) Sand with gravel soil should be used as the foundation filling with 3m. the gradation of sand and gravel is natural gradation. The thickness of each layer is 300mm. Water should be sprinkled on each layer, and each layer should be tamped. The compaction coefficient should satisfy the regulations in clause 6.3.4 of “Code for Design of Building Foundation”.
2）基础底填土3米及以上时，基础形式一般采用钢筋混凝土筏板基础、墙下钢筋混凝土条形基础、桩基础以及复合地基处理。
2) If the foundation bottom filling is 3m or above, reinforced concrete raft foundation, reinforced concrete strip foundation under wall, pile foundation, and compound foundation treatment should be adopted as the type of foundation.
（4）基础顶部作刚性防潮层，采用1:2.5水泥砂浆掺3%防水粉20mm厚，标高-0.06米。地基软弱工点应作基础圈梁，梁断面为240X240或370X240。
 (4) Rigid damp-proof layer should be made on the top of the foundation, and 1:2.5 cement mortar mixing with 3% waterproof powder with the thickness of 20mm and the elevation of -0.06m should be adopted.  Foundation ring girder should be installed at the weak work point of the foundation, and the cross section of the girder is 240X240 or 370X240.
（5）基础图纸上必须注明开槽后进行钎探，地质情况不均匀或与设计不符时应通知设计单位等事宜。
 (5) Drill rod diction after slotting should be marked on the foundation drawing. If the geological situation is uniform or not consistent with the design, the design unit should be noticed.
4．抗震措施
4. Aseismatic Measures
本工程抗震设防烈度暂按6度(0.05g)设防,地震动峰值加速度值根据地震危险性评价结果将可能进行调整。
The seismic fortification intensity of this project is determined temporarily as grade 6 (0.05g). The peak ground motion acceleration value can be adjusted according to the evaluation results of earthquake hazard.
房屋建筑按《建筑工程抗震设防分类标准》（GB50223-2008）、《建筑抗震设计规范》GB50011-2001（2008年版）及《设置钢筋混凝土构造柱多层砖房抗震设计规程》（JGJ/T13-93）进行设计；铁路建筑的“五所一室”按重点设防类（乙类）、其它建筑按标准设防类（丙类）设防；抗震构造采用《建筑物抗震构造详图》03G329（一）及G329（二）～（八）。
Housing construction should be designed according to “Standard for Classification of Seismic Protection of Building Constructions” (GB50223-2008), “Code for Seismic Design of Buildings” GB50011-2001 (edition 2008), and “Aseismic Technical Specification for Multi-storey Masonry Building with Reinforced Concrete Tie Column” (JGJ/T13-93); the “five bureaus one room” of railway construction should be fortified according to emphasized fortification class (class B), and other buildings should be fortified according to standard fortification class (class C); aseismic structure should adopt “Detailed Drawings for Aseismic Structure of Buildings” 03G329 (I) and G329 (II) to (VIII).