多品种动态盈亏平衡分析与应用Multi-product Dynamic Break-even Analysis and its Application
摘要：Abstract:
本文在分析传统盈亏平衡分析法用于长期投资项目决策时的缺陷和不足的基础上，提出了对长期投资项目进行盈亏平衡分析时必须考虑资金时间价值的思想，建立了多品种生产考虑资金时间价值的动态盈亏平衡分析的数学模型，并举例分析了其在多品种生产中的应用。 Based on analyzing the defects and drawbacks existed in applying the traditional break-even analysis method to long-term investment project decisions, this article holds up an idea that the time value of money must be considered for any break-even analysis on long-term investment projects, builds a mathematical model for dynamic break-even analysis considering the time value of money at the time of multi-product production, and analyzes its application in multi-product production by way of example. 得出了在静态保本点时项目存在着潜在的亏损，而动态保本点则意味着项目刚好获得了基准收益，是真正意义的“盈亏平衡”的结论。It arrives at a conclusion that at the static break-even point, a project may have potential losses, but the dynamic break-even point means that the project will get exactly the basis profit, and is real “break-even”.建立的多品种动态盈亏平衡分析数学模型具有可操作性，更符合客观实际，可提高项目投资决策的科学性和可靠性。 Being operable, objective and practical, the mathematical model built for multi-product dynamic break-even analysis can increase the scientificity and dependability of project investment decisions.
关键词： Keywords:
盈亏平衡分析Break-even analysis
资金时间价值Time value of money
静态保本点Static break-even point
动态保本点Dynamic break-even point
净现值Net present value

1 引言Introduction

华译网北京翻译公司翻译过大量有关多品种动态盈亏平衡分析与应用的文件资料,Beijing Chinese Translation Service Company has translated many technical documents about Multi-product Dynamic Break-even Analysis and its Application

盈亏平衡分析也被称为量本利分析，是指利用投资项目生产中的产销量、成本、利润三者的关系，通过测算项目达到正常生产能力后的盈亏平衡点，来考察项目承担风险能力的一种不确定性分析方法 。Break-even analysis is also called cost-volume-profit analysis, and refers to an uncertainty analysis method applying the volume-cost-profit relationship in production of an investment project, and studies the project’s risk-bearing capability by measuring the break-even point after it reaches normal production capacity . 目的是了解项目对各种不确定性因素变化的承受能力，确保其在财务上的可行性。 The analysis aims to find out the project’s capability to bear changes of various uncertain factors, and assure its financial feasibility. 所谓盈亏平衡点，是指项目在正常生产条件下，收入等于支出的那一点。 The so-called break-even point refers to a point where the project’s income equals its expenditure under normal production conditions. 在这一点上，项目既不盈利，也不亏损。 At this point, the project neither makes any profit nor incurs any loss. 如果低于这一点所对应的生产销售水平，项目就会发生亏损；反之，则会获得盈利 。 Below the corresponding production and sales level to this point, the project will incur a loss; on the contrary, a profit will be made . 因此，盈亏平衡分析也被称为保本分析。 As a consequence, break-even analysis is also called breakeven analysis.
根据是否考虑资金的时间价值，本文把盈亏平衡分析分为静态盈亏平衡分析（即传统的盈亏平衡分析）和动态盈亏平衡分析两种。 Based on whether the time value of money is considered, this article divides break-even analysis into static break-even analysis (that is, traditional break-even analysis) and dynamic break-even analysis. 目前，不论是教科书、相关文献，还是企业投资决策实践，主要是着眼于静态盈亏平衡分析方法的介绍和应用，而对于基于时间价值的动态盈亏平衡分析方法的研究和探讨还不多见 ，并且现有的研究也只是围绕着单一品种动态盈亏平衡分析展开，而对于多品种动态盈亏平衡的探讨和研究还寥寥无几 。 At present, no matter textbooks, relevant literatures, or business investment decision practice mainly focus on introductions and applications of the static break-even analysis method, but lack studies and discussions on the time value-based dynamic break-even analysis method , and what’s more, current studies also just center on single-product dynamic break-even analysis, but involve few discussions and studies on the multi-product dynamic break-even method . 但是单纯的静态盈亏平衡分析难以满足企业经营环境复杂性、动态性和随机性等特点的需要，单一品种动态盈亏平衡分析的应用也有很大的局限性。 However, simple static break-even analysis can hardly meet the need for business environment’s complex, dynamic and probabilistic nature etc., and applications of single-product dynamic break-even analysis are also subject to major limitations. 本文将在分析传统静态盈亏平衡分析方法缺陷的基础上，着重研究多品种动态盈亏平衡分析方法的基础理论及其应用模型，并探讨其在企业投资决策实践中的应用。This article will base itself on analyzing the defects of traditional static break-even analysis method, focus on studying the multi-product dynamic break-even analysis method’s basic theory and application model, and discuss its application in business investment decision practice.