CERTAIN DEFINITIONS特定定义
11.1 “AFFILIATE” SHALL MEAN, WITH RESPECT TO ANY PERSON, ANY OTHER PERSON   THAT DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY THROUGH ONE OR MORE INTERMEDIARIES, CONTROLS OR IS CONTROLLED BY, OR IS UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH, SUCH PERSON.“关联公司”就任何主体而言，皆指一方主体直接或通过一家或多家中间机构控制任何其他主体、被其他主体控制、或与其他主体共同受控。
11.2 “APPROVAL” OF A PERSON SHALL MEAN ANY CONSENT, APPROVAL, AUTHORIZATION, WAIVER, GRANT, CONCESSION, LICENSE, EXEMPTION OR ORDER OF, REGISTRATION, CERTIFICATE, DECLARATION OR FILING WITH, OR REPORT OR NOTICE TO, SUCH PERSON.“批准”：一方主体的批准指该方主体作出的或向该方发出的或提交的任何同意、批准、授权、弃权、准许、特许、许可、豁免、指示、注册、证明和声明。
11.3 “CALL OPTION AGREEMENT” THE CALL OPTION AGREEMENT IS EXECUTED AND DELIVERED BY AND AMONG THE ACQUIOR AND TECHPOLO COMPANY LIMITED .“买入期权协议”指收购方和TECHPOLO有限公司签署和交付的买入期权协议。
11.4 ”CONTRACT” MEANS ANY CONTRACT, AGREEMENT, LEASE, PLAN, INSTRUMENT OR OTHER DOCUMENT, COMMITMENT, ARRANGEMENT, UNDERTAKING, PRACTICE, UNDERSTANDING OR AUTHORIZATION, IN EACH CASE WHETHER OR NOT IN WRITING.<}0{>“合同”指任何合同、协议、租约、计划、文书或其他文件、约定、安排、承诺、实践、备忘录或授权书，无论是否为书面形式。<0}
11.5 ”CONTROL” (INCLUDING, WITH ITS CORRELATIVE MEANINGS, “CONTROLLED BY”   AND “UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH”) SHALL MEAN, WITH RESPECT TO ANY PERSON, ANY OF THE FOLLOWING:<}0{>“控制”（包括相关含义：“被控制”和“共同受控”），对任何主体而言，指以下任何一项：<0}  {0>(I) OWNERSHIP, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, BY SUCH PERSON OF EQUITY INTEREST ENTITLING IT TO EXERCISE IN THE AGGREGATE MORE THAN 50% OF THE VOTING POWER OF THE ENTITY IN QUESTION, OR (II) THE POSSESSION BY SUCH PERSON OF THE POWER, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, (A) TO ELECT MEMBER(S) HOLDING MORE THAN 50% OF THE VOTING POWER OF ALL MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS (OR EQUIVALENT GOVERNING BODY) OF THE ENTITY IN QUESTION, OR (B) TO DIRECT OR CAUSE THE DIRECTION OF THE MANAGEMENT AND POLICIES OF OR WITH RESPECT TO THE ENTITY IN QUESTION, WHETHER THROUGH OWNERSHIP OF EQUITY INTEREST (INCLUDING A SIGNIFICANT INVESTMENT FOR LESS THAN A MAJORITY INTEREST), BY CONTRACT OR OTHERWISE.<}0{>(I)该主体直接或间接持有相关实体的股份，有权行使百分之五十（50%）以上的表决权；(II)该主体直接或间接拥有以下权利：(A)有权选举占相关实体百分之五十（50%）以上表决权的董事会成员（或相关管理层）；或(B)有权基于股份所有权（包括少于控制股权的大额投资）、合同或以其他方式，控制或导致控制相关实体或与相关实体相关的控制和政策。<0}

华译网北京翻译公司翻译过大量有关外有关合同中特定定义条款的文件资料,Beijing Chinese Translation Service Company has translated many technical documents about CERTAIN DEFINITIONS
11.6 “COOPERATION” MEANS MAIN COVENANTS OF THE COOPERATION WITHIN ARTICLE 1<}0{>“合作”指在第1条中作出的主要合作承诺。<0}
11.7 “ENCUMBRANCES” SHALL MEAN ANY LIEN, MORTGAGE, SECURITY INTEREST, PLEDGE, RESTRICTION ON TRANSFERABILITY, DEFECT OF TITLE OR OTHER CLAIM, CHARGE OR ENCUMBRANCE OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER ON ANY PROPERTY OR PROPERTY INTEREST, INCLUDING ANY RESTRICTION ON THE USE, VOTING, TRANSFER, RECEIPT OF INCOME OR OTHER EXERCISE OF ANY ATTRIBUTES OF OWNERSHIP.“负担”指任何财产或财产利益上的留置权、抵押权、担保物权、质押权、转让限制、所有权或其他权利瑕疵、以及任何性质的支出或负担，包括对使用、表决、转让、接收收入或其他所有权权利履行的任何限制。
11.8 “ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS” SHALL MEAN ALL LEGAL REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO POLLUTION OR PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT OR HEALTH OR SAFETY.“环境法”指与污染、环境保护、健康或安全相关的所有法律要求。
11.9 “GOVERNMENTAL APPROVAL” SHALL MEAN ANY APPROVAL OF, TO OR WITH ANY GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY.“政府批准”指政府当局作出的或发出的任何批准。.
11.10 “GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY” SHALL MEAN ANY FEDERATION, NATION, STATE, SOVEREIGN OR GOVERNMENT, ANY FEDERAL, SUPRANATIONAL, REGIONAL, PROVINCIAL, STATE, LOCAL OR MUNICIPAL POLITICAL SUBDIVISION, ANY GOVERNMENTAL OR ADMINISTRATIVE BODY, INSTRUMENTALITY, DEPARTMENT OR AGENCY, OR ANY COURT, ADMINISTRATIVE HEARING BODY, ARBITRATOR, COMMISSION OR OTHER SIMILAR DISPUTE RESOLVING PANEL OR BODY, AND ANY OTHER ENTITY EXERCISING EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE, JUDICIAL, REGULATORY OR ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS OF A GOVERNMENT.“政府当局”指任何联邦、国家、州、主权国家或政府，任何联邦、超国家的、地区的、省、州、地方或市级政治单位，任何政府或行政主体、机关、部门或机构，或任何法庭、行政听证主体、仲裁员、委员会或其他类似争议解决机构或主体，以及其他任何行使行政、立法、司法、监管或管理职能的政府主体。
11.11 “INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY” SHALL MEAN, COLLECTIVELY, PATENTS, TRADE  SECRETS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS, MASK WORK RIGHTS, INDUSTRIAL DESIGN RIGHTS, AND ALL OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND PROPRIETARY RIGHTS, WHETHER ARISING UNDER THE LAWS OF THE PRC OR ANY OTHER COUNTRY OR JURISDICTION, INCLUDING (I) ALL RIGHTS RECEIVED UNDER ANY LICENSE OR OTHER ARRANGEMENT WITH RESPECT TO THE FOREGOING, (II) ALL RIGHTS OR CAUSES OF ACTION FOR INFRINGEMENT OR MISAPPROPRIATION (PAST, PRESENT OR FUTURE) OF ANY OF THE FOREGOING AND (III) ALL RIGHTS TO APPLY FOR OR REGISTER ANY OF THE FOREGOING RIGHTS.“知识产权”指专利、商业秘密、版权、商标权、掩模作品权、工业设计权利以及所有其他知识产权权利和专有权利，无论是依据中国法律还是任何其他国家或管辖地法律产生，包括(I)依据任何许可或其他协议享有的与上述项目相关的权利；(II)针对（过去、现在或未来）侵犯或滥用上述任何项目的行为的权利或诉权；以及(III)申请注册上述任何权利的权利。