Agriculture involving domestication of plants and animals was developed around 10,000 B.C. although earlier people began altering communities of flora and fauna for their own benefit through other means such as fire-stick farming prior to that.Agriculture has undergone significant developments since the time of the earliest cultivation. The Fertile Crescent of Western Asia, Egypt and India were sites of the earliest planned sowing and harvesting of plants that had previously been gathered in the wild. Independent development of agriculture occurred in northern and southern China, Africa's Sahel, New Guinea, parts of Indiaand several regions of the Americas. Agricultural techniques such as irrigation, crop rotation, the application of fertilizerswere developed soon after the Neolithic Revolution but have made significant strides in the past 200 years. The Haber-Bosch method for synthesizing ammonium nitrate represented a major breakthrough and allowed crop yields to overcome previous constraints.
In the past century, agriculture in the developed nations, and to a lesser extent in the developing world, has been characterized by enhanced productivity, the replacement of human labor by synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, selective breeding, andmechanization. The recent history of agriculture has been closely tied with a range of political issues including water pollution,biofuels, genetically modified organisms, tariffs, and farm subsidies. In recent years, there has been a backlash against theexternal environmental effects of mechanized agriculture, and increasing support for the organic movement and sustainable agriculture.
涉及农业植物和动物的驯化公元前约10,000研制虽然早期的人们开始通过其他方式，如火灾棒养殖前that.Agriculture改变动植物为自己的利益的群体，因为最早种植的时间发生了显著的发展。西亚，埃及和印度的新月沃地是，以前曾聚集在野生植物的计划最早播种和收获的网站。农业自主发展发生在北部和中国南部，非洲的萨赫勒地区，新几内亚，如灌溉，作物轮作的Americas.Agricultural技术Indiaand一些地区的部分地区，新石器时代革命后fertilizerswere的应用而开发的，但很快就取得了显著进步在过去的200年。哈伯 - 博世法合成硝酸铵是一项重大突破，使作物产量，克服以前的限制。
在过去的一个世纪，农业在发达国家，并在发展中世界在较小程度上，已具有增强的生产力，人类劳动的取代合成肥料和农药，选育，andmechanization。农业的近代历史已经紧密联系在一起了一系列的政治问题，包括水体污染，生物燃料，转基因生物，关税和农业补贴。近年来，出现了对农业机械化的theexternal环境影响的强烈反对，并增加对有机运动和可持续农业的支持。
|
