Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have engineered a bacterium whose genetic material includes an added pair of DNA “letters,” or bases, not found in nature. The cells of this unique bacterium can replicate the unnatural DNA bases more or less normally, for as long as the molecular building blocks are supplied. “Life on Earth in all its diversity is encoded by only two pairs of DNA bases, A-T and C-G, and what we’ve made is an organism that stably contains those two plus a third, unnatural pair of bases,” said TSRI Associate Professor Floyd E. Romesberg, who led the research team. “This shows that other solutions to storing information are possible and, of course, takes us closer to an expanded-DNA biology that will have many exciting applications—from new medicines to new kinds of nanotechnology.”
Romesberg和他的实验室自1990年代后期一直在努力找到对的分子,可以作为新的,功能性DNA碱基,并在原则上,能够编码蛋白质和以前从未存在的生物。 该任务一直没有一个简单的问题。任何官能新对DNA碱基必须结合的亲和力比得上天然核苷碱基对腺嘌呤 - 胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶 - 鸟嘌呤。这种新的基地也将有稳定地排队在旁边拉链般伸展DNA的天然基地。他们将在必要时DNA的复制和转录成RNA的过程中自然聚合酶曾在解压缩和再压缩顺利。不知何故这些核苷闯入者必须避免被攻击和被除去天然的DNA修复机制。 尽管存在这些挑战,到2008年Romesberg和他的同事们采取了向这个目标迈出了一大步;在公开的那年的研究中,他们发现套核苷分子,它们可以跨越一个双链DNA几乎紧贴地作为天然型碱基对的挂钩的,并表明含有这些人工碱基对的DNA可以在正确的酶的存在下进行复制。在一项研究中说出来的次年,研究人员能够发现,转录本半合成的DNA到RNA的酶。 但这项工作是在试管中的简化环境进行。 “这些非自然碱基对已在体外精美的工作,但最大的挑战一直是,让他们在活细胞中的复杂得多的环境中工作,说:”丹尼斯A. Malyshev的Romesberg实验室谁是领导者的一员新的报告。 |