Third, stressing technology and education. The US, Germany and Japan are all education-led countries. Their comparatively advanced national education and higher education greatly enhanced the national quality. And a high national quality is the key to the pursuit of modernization. England, the US, Germany and Japan all pay great attention to the function of technology. Although they feature distinct technological systems, like the fundamental research system in England, the knowledge and technology innovation system in the US and Germany; however, in ensuring the success of different countries and maintaining their world-leading positions, the technology functions with minor differences in these countries.

Fourthly, combined functions of internal and external causes. The successes of England, the US, Germany and Japan were determined by these two parts together. The external causes refer to historical opportunities and preferential changes in the international environment. The internal causes mean rational policies and measures to promote modernization. Germany and Japan once initiated world wars but were both beaten, which should also be attributed to the common functions of internal and external causes. Modernization in Latin America started quite early, but there was no case of complete success. Judging from the Dependency Theory, the underdeveloped state of Latin America is a necessary outcome of the western capitalism. There’s something reasonable about this point, but it’s not reliable to owe such a state totally to external causes. The political corruption and turbulence, the gap between the rich and the poor and social separation, and focus on economy but neglect of the society can be widely found in Latin America, which were also the major factors to their underdevelopment.

Beijing   Mandarin Chinese Translation Service Company has translated many technical documents in the field of Internal and external common action.
华译网北京翻译公司翻译过大量有关内因和外因的共同作用的文件资料

        其三，重视科技和教育。美国、德国和日本都是教育先行国家。相对发达的国民教育和高等教育，提高了国民素质。较高的国民素质，是实现现代化的成功追赶的重要条件。英国、美国、德国和日本都重视科技的作用。虽然它们的科技体制各有特色，如英国的基础研究体系、美国和德国的知识创新和技术创新体系和日本的技术创新体系等，但是，科技在保证国家成功和维持世界先进地位方面的作用，则是大同小异。

        其四，内因和外因的共同作用。英国、美国、德国和日本的成功，都是内因和外因的共同作用决定的。外因是世界发展出现了历史机遇、国际环境发生有利变化。内因是采取了合理的政策和对策，全面推进现代化。德国和日本曾经发起世界战争，最后走向战败，也是内因和外因的共同作用决定的。拉美国家现代化起步并不晚，然而，拉美现代化没有完全成功的国家案例。依附理论认为，拉美的欠发达是西方资本主义的必然产物。虽然这种观点有合理之处，但把拉美欠发达完全归咎于外部因素是不确切的。拉美国家内部的政治腐败和动荡、贫富差距和社会分裂、注重经济忽视社会等是普遍现象，也是欠发达的重要原因。