2. NORTHEAST REGION
States. Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia
Feedstock. Woody biomass, municipal waste potential
Other Points of Interest. In addition to woody biomass there is corn in NY, and other row
crops in Southern PA which we have not taken into account yet. Other sources and affects yet to be considered are municipal solid waste availability and existing infrastructure, brownfields, that may be suitable sites for biorefineries.
Current Production Capacity.
Ethanol Biorefineries: Total 7 facilities producing
MI—5 producing
NY—2 producing
Biodiesel Refineries: Total 20 potential facilities—9 producing, 2 in construction; 5 with unknown production status; 4 idle
CT—1 unknown status
MA—1 unknown status
ME—2 producing
MI—2 producing
NH—1 in construction; 1 unknown status
NJ—2 producing; 1 unknown status;
NY—3 producing; 1 in construction; 1 idle
RI—1 producing; 1 unknown status
WV—1 producing
Potential Production Capacity. USDA estimates that 2.0% of advanced biofuel production (mostly woody biomass) will come from the Northeast. The region could produce 423.7 million gallons of advanced biofuels from 639,150 acres of dedicated bioenergy crops (perennial grasses) plus 1.7 million acres of harvested logging residue in a year. This will take 11 biorefineries, producing 40 million gallons by year, costing $320 million per biorefinery, for a total cost of $3.52 billion cumulative investment over time.
Land Use. In the Northeast there is an acreage base of 15.1 million acres of cropland and cropland pasture and 79.3 million acres of timber land. Approximately 4.5% of the available cropland and cropland pasture acreage base is used in meeting the advanced biofuel mandates.
3. CENTRAL EAST REGION
States. Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, Oklahoma, Maryland, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Virginia.
Feedstock. Perennial grasses, biomass sorghum, crop residues, soy beans, woody biomass.
Other Points of Interest. The Central East Region of the United States is one of two regions with the most potential for near and long term development of biofuels. Based on feedstock and land, infrastructure, and demand this region is key in implementing a successful biofuels market. The current cap in the RFS2 as a result of EISA is 15 billion gallons of corn-starch ethanol. This region will produce the last 4.25 billion gallons to reach the cap.
Current Production Capacity. 12 billion gallons per year conventional ethanol, .5 billion gallons per year of biodiesel
Ethanol Biorefineries: Total facilities 171—170 facilities producing, one in construction
IA—40 producing
IL—13 producing
IN—11 producing
KS—12 producing; 1 in construction
MN—27 producing
MO—5 producing
ND—6 producing
NE—22 producing
OH—8 producing
PA—1 producing
SD—15 producing
VA—1 producing
WI—9 producing
Biodiesel Facilities: Total facilities 84 facilities—5 unknown, 14 idle, 63 producing; 2 in construction
DE—1 idle
IA—8 producing; 6 idle
IL—4 producing; 3 idle; 1 in construction
IN—6 producing; 1 in construction, 1 unknown status
KS—1 producing
MD—5 producing; 1 unknown status
MN—3 producing; 2 unknown status
MO—11 producing
OH—8 producing; 3 idle
OK—2 producing; 1 idle
PA—7 producing
SD—1 producing
VA—3 producing
WI—3 producing; 1 unknown status
Potential Production Capacity. USDA estimates that on a volume basis, 43.3% of the 20 billion gallons of advanced biofuel by 2022 will be produced in the Central East region. This will take $72 billion in cumulative investments to build 226 biorefineries with an estimated capacity of 40 million gallons per year.
Land Use. This region has an acreage base of 241 million of cropland and cropland pasture plus
109.8 million acres of timber land that could produce 9.1 billion gallons from 10.8 million acres of dedicated bioenergy crops plus 2.0 million acres of harvested logging residue in a year Incremental advanced biofuel production will take up 4.5% of the available cropland and cropland pasture acreage base.
2、西北地区
包括的州:康涅狄格、马萨诸塞、缅因、密歇根、新罕布什尔、新泽西、纽约、罗德岛、佛蒙特、西弗吉尼亚。
生产的原料:木质生物质、城市固体垃圾。
其它值得关注的要点:除了木质生物质,另外还有纽约州的玉米以及宾夕法尼亚州南部的中耕作物,这些是我们尚未计入的原料。此外还需考虑到的其它来源及影响,是城市固体垃圾的可用性和现存基础设施状况,以及有可能适合于精炼厂定址的“褐地”(工厂搬迁后留下的被污染的、处于废弃状态的地块)。
当前生产能力
生物乙醇精炼厂:厂家总数7家,都处在生产中。
密歇根:5家处在生产中;
纽约州:2家处在生产中。
生物柴油精炼厂:厂家总数有可能达到20家,其中9家处在生产中,2家在建,5家生产状态不明,4家闲置。
康涅狄格:1家状态不明;
马萨诸塞:1家状态不明;
缅因:2家处在生产中;
密歇根:2家处在生产中;
新罕布什尔:1家在建,1家状态不明;
新泽西:2家处在生产中,1家状态不明;
纽约州:3家处在生产中,1家在建,1家闲置;
罗德岛:1家处在生产中,1家状态不明;
西弗吉尼亚:1家处在生产中。
潜在生产能力。美国农业部估计,先进生物燃料产量中的2.0%(大部分是木质生物质燃料)将来自于东北地区。该地区每年可以用639,150英亩的专用生物能源作物(多年生禾草)、外加170万英亩的采伐树木残留物来生产4.237亿加仑的先进生物燃料。这将需要11家生物精炼厂、每家年产量4,000万加仑,每家精炼厂的成本是3.2亿美元,随着时间推移,累积投资总额将达到35.2亿美元。
土地使用。西北地区的耕地与耕地牧地的面积基数是1,510万英亩,林地的面积基数是7,930万英亩。在可用的耕地与耕地牧地基数中,大约4.5%被用来满足对先进生物燃料的强制性要求。
3、中东部地区
包括的州:特拉华、爱荷华、伊利诺伊、印第安纳、堪萨斯、密苏里、俄亥俄、俄克拉荷马、马里兰、明尼苏达、内布拉斯加、北达科他、宾夕法尼亚、南达科他、威斯康辛、弗吉尼亚。
生产的原料:多年生禾草、生物质高粱、农作物残余物、大豆、木质生物质。
其它值得关注的要点:中东部地区属于美国最有潜力进行近期和长期生物燃料发展的两个地区之一。依据原料与土地、基础设施和需求方面的情况来看,这一地区对于成功发展生物燃料市场是至为关键的。由于《能源独立与安全法》的规定,当前可再生燃料标准第二阶段中为玉米淀粉乙醇设定的上限是150亿加仑。要达到这一限额,所剩的最后42.5亿加仑就将由这一地区来生产。
当前生产能力。每年120亿加仑常规乙醇,每年5亿加仑生物柴油。
生物乙醇精炼厂:厂家总数为171家,其中170家处在生产中,1家在建。
爱荷华:40家处在生产中;
伊利诺伊:13家处在生产中;
印第安纳:11家处在生产中;
堪萨斯:12家处在生产中;1家在建
明尼苏达:27家处在生产中;
密苏里:5家处在生产中;
北达科他:6家处在生产中;
内布拉斯加:22家处在生产中;
俄亥俄:8家处在生产中;
宾夕法尼亚:1家处在生产中;
南达科他:15家处在生产中;
弗吉尼亚:1家处在生产中;
威斯康辛:9家处在生产中。
生物柴油厂家:厂家总数84家,其中5家状态不明,14家闲置,63家处在生产中,2家在建。
特拉华:1家闲置;
爱荷华:8家处在生产中,6家闲置;
伊利诺伊:4家处在生产中,3家闲置,1家在建;
印第安纳:6家处在生产中,1家在建,1家状态不明;
堪萨斯:1家处在生产中;
马里兰:5家处在生产中,1家状态不明;
明尼苏达:3家处在生产中,2家状态不明;
密苏里:11家处在生产中;
俄亥俄:8家处在生产中,3家闲置;
俄克拉荷马:2家处在生产中,1家闲置;
宾夕法尼亚:7家处在生产中;
南达科他:1家处在生产中;
弗吉尼亚:3家处在生产中;
威斯康辛:3家处在生产中,1家状态不明。
潜在生产能力。美国农业部估计,如果以容积算,到2022年必须达到的200亿加仑先进生物燃料产量中,43.3%将由中东部地区生产。这就需要720亿美元的累计投资额,以建成每年生产能力平均为4,000万加仑的226家生物精炼厂。
土地使用。该地区耕地与耕地牧地的面积基数是2.41亿英亩,另有1.098亿英亩的林地,每年总共可以从1,080万英亩的专用生物能源作物和200万英亩采伐树木残留物中生产91亿加仑的生物燃料。先进生物燃料产量的增量将占用可用耕地与耕地牧地面积基数中的4.5%。
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