4. NORTHWEST REGION
States. Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington
Feedstock. Woody biomass, oil seed, grasses, cereal crop residue.
Other Points of Interest. We have 100 million gallons a year currently being produced in this region from canola, but much of the feedstock is imported from Canada and at this time canola is not an approved feedstock pathway under the RFS2.
Current Production Capacity.
Ethanol Biorefineries: Total 4 facilities producing
ID—2 producing
WA—2 producing
Biodiesel Facilities: Total 10 facilities—7 producing, 1 idle, 2 in construction
ID—2 producing; 1 in construction
OR—1 producing
WA—4 producing; 1 idle; 1 in construction
Potential Production Capacity. USDA estimates that 4.6% of advanced biofuel production of the 21 billion gallons required by 2022 (primarily oilseed crops) will be from the Northwest region. This will take an $8.32 billion investment to build 27 biorefineries with an average capacity of 40 million gallons per year.
Land Use. Acreage base of 36.9 million acres of cropland and cropland pasture plus 86.4 million acres of forest land. To produce the 1 billion gallons from 2.5 million acres of dedicated bioenergy crops plus 911,500 acres of harvested logging residue in a year it will take 6.9% of the available cropland and cropland pasture acreage base.
5. WESTERN REGION
States. Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming
Feedstock. Woody biomass, Oilseed crops (e.g. camelina, canola); potential for algae not included.
Other Points of Interest. While this region has potential for development of biofuels, it is very limited and the total contribution to meeting the RFS2 requirement is less than 1%. That said, USDA has already funded one commercial scale algae based biorefinery in New Mexico and expects to see more efforts on algae based biofuels in California, among other places. As this technology develops for algae, the US will have another feedstock resource contributing to RFS2.
Current Production Capacity.
Ethanol Biorefineries: Total 15 facilities—13 producing, 2 in construction
AZ—1 producing
CA—6 producing; 1 in construction
CO—4 producing; 1 in construction
NV—1 producing
WY—1 producing
Biodiesel Facilities: Total 27 facilities—18 producing, 5 idle, 3 in construction, 1 unknown
AZ—3 producing
CA—13 producing; 3 idle; 2 in construction
CO—2 producing; 1 idle
NM—1 idle; 1 unknown status N
V—1 in construction
Potential Production Capacity. USDA assumes 0.3% of the 21 billion gallons of advanced biofuel by 2022 (this is only for dedicated energy crops and woody biomass from logging waste). Commercial scale algae production is not included.
Land Use. In this region there is an acreage base of 29.7 million of cropland and cropland pasture plus 48.9 million acres of forest land. While 64 million gallons from 49,800 acres of dedicated bioenergy crops plus 442,600 acres of harvested logging residue in a year (does not include potential from insect and disease damaged and dead trees that could be harvested) is a potential, it is not counted as part of the RFS2.
4、西北地区
包括的州:阿拉斯加、爱达荷、蒙大拿、俄勒冈、华盛顿。
生产的原料:木质生物质,油籽,禾草,谷类作物残余物。
其它值得关注的要点:这一地区当前每年从油菜籽中生产1亿加仑的生物燃料,但所使用的原料大部分却是从加拿大进口的,而且目前油菜籽还不是可再生燃料标准第二阶段认可的原料来源。
当前生产能力
生物乙醇精炼厂:厂家总数为4家,都处在生产中。
爱达荷:2家处在生产中;
华盛顿州:2家处在生产中。
生物柴油厂:厂家总数为10家,其中7家处在生产中,1家闲置,2家在建。
爱达荷:2家处在生产中,1家在建;
俄勒冈:1家处在生产中;
华盛顿州:4家处在生产中,1家闲置,1家在建。
潜在生产能力。美国农业部估计,到2022年需要达到的210亿加仑先进生物燃料产量中,4.6%(主要是油籽作物生产的燃料)将来自西北地区。这需要83.2亿美元的投资,以建成27家每年生产能力平均为4,000万加仑的27家生物精炼厂。
土地使用。该地区的耕地与耕地牧地的面积基数是3,690万英亩,另有8,640万英亩的林地。每年要从250万英亩专用生物能源作物及911,500英亩采伐树木残留物中生产10亿加仑的燃料,将占用该地区可用耕地与耕地牧地面积基数中的6.9%。
5. 西部地区
包括的州:亚利桑那、加利福尼亚、科罗拉多、新墨西哥、内华达、犹他、怀俄明。
生产的原料:木质生物质、油籽作物(例如亚麻荠属、油菜籽);未计入藻类的潜力。
其它值得关注的要点:尽管这一地区有着开发生物燃料的潜力,但是这种潜力却极为有限,在可再生燃料标准第二阶段要求的生物燃料总量中,它能做出的贡献还不足1%。尽管如此,美国农业部已经在新墨西哥州资助建起了一家具备商业规模的藻类生物精炼厂,加利福尼亚州及其它地方也可望在藻类生物燃料的生产方面取得更多的成就。由于这项技术是针对藻类而开发的,那么在达到可再生燃料标准第二阶段的目标方面,美国就可以拥有另一种能够做出贡献的原料来源。
当前生产能力。
生物乙醇精炼厂:厂家总数为15家,其中13家处在生产中,2家在建。
亚利桑那:1家处在生产中;
加利福尼亚:6家处在生产中,1家在建;
科罗拉多:4家处在生产中,1家在建;
内华达:1家处在生产中;
怀俄明:1家处在生产中。
生物柴油厂:厂家总数为27家,其中18家处在生产中,5家闲置,3家在建,1家状态不明。
亚利桑那:3家处在生产中;
加利福尼亚:13家处在生产中,3家闲置,2家在建;
科罗拉多:2家处在生产中,1家闲置;
新墨西哥:1家闲置,1家状态不明;
内华达:1家在建。
潜在生产能力。美国农业部估计,到2022年必须实现的210亿加仑先进生物燃料产量中,0.3%(仅考虑了专用能源作物和来自伐木残留物的木质生物质)将由这一地区生产。这一数字中没有计入商业规模的藻类生产。
土地使用。在这一地区,耕地与耕地牧地的面积基数是2,970万英亩,另有4,890万英亩的林地。尽管该地区拥有每年从49,800英亩专用生物能源作物及442,600英亩采伐树木残留物(不包括可以采伐的病虫害损坏树木和死亡树木)中生产6,400万加仑的生物燃料的潜力,但在完成可再生燃料标准第二阶段规定目标方面却没有计入这一部分燃料。
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