Using conventional materials it would be possible to use tensioners on both sides - but this is not practical. The central use of tensioning aids in container loads is a potential source of accidents since staff need to climb on top of the load. Prefabricated load securing materials usually only have tensioning elements that are not located in the middle and would thus require additional outlay in terms of material and work. Thus, it is recommended that tie-downs should be secured on alternate sides if they are used at all. Shifting of the load is more likely to occur if the tension is not distributed equally. Tie-down lashings can only be used in box containers under certain circumstances. They are easy to use with all forms of platform container, but are not to be recommended.
 
As has already been mentioned, in order to ensure adequate securing of the load, it is necessary to maintain the pretensioning during the entire transportation process. Even the slightest of gaps in the load, the settling of the load, yielding or compression of the load, or the cutting of lashing aids into the load as a result of a lack of edge protectors can all reduce the pretensioning force to zero.
 
Loads which have an overhang are unsuitable for tie-down lashings for another reason:
 

As a result of the unsuitable lashing angle in the lower area, it will be practically impossible to attain sufficient pretensioning force regardless of the type of lashing material used. Thus, the risk is particularly high that the package will shift during transport.

To summarize, friction loops or tie-downs can only really be used as an effective form of securing if there are no gaps in the stow, or if any gaps are filled. With small gaps, the use of wedges or tapered blocks is recommended. Larger gaps in the load should be braced using wood or another equally strong material. It must also be possible to create sufficiently high pressure. If this is not possible, loads should be secured using other methods. Lashing materials without sufficient elasticity are not suitable for use as tie-downs. Those with a suitable degree of elasticity, for example lashing straps, will gradually lose their pretensioning force during use. This process will be accelerated if the load is exposed to vibrations.
 
Tie-downs must thus be checked and, if necessary, tightened at regular intervals. Since this is not possible when a load is stowed in a container, tie-downs are not suitable for securing loads inside containers. Again: If another method of load securing can be used, tie-downs should be avoided!
 
One thing tie-downs always do is to create a direct lashing acting against vertical movement.
 
Friction securing can also be achieved using wedges. Another variation is to to put pressure on the load forcing it down. In the event of an absence of available/accessible lashing points, this method of securing may be used in box containers. The prerequisite is the accessibility of components of the means of transport that are able to withstand this load.
 

Depending on the magnitude of the securing forces to be created, the sensitivity of the packages and the resilience of the components of the means of transport, squared lumber, planking and boards can be used. Caution: At very sharp angles, driving the diagonal stays in laterally can create extreme vertical forces.

Beijing Chinese Translation Service Company has translated many documents about lashing.

 

使用常规材料，将可能在两侧用拉紧器–但这不实际。在集装箱荷载中中央使用拉紧工具具有事故隐患，因为工作人员需要爬到荷载物顶部。预制的荷载紧固材料通常只有不位于中间的拉紧组件，因而需要材料和用工的额外开支。因此，建议如果使用栓系，其应被紧固在交替侧。如果拉力分布不均，荷载物很容易发生位移。在一定情况下，栓系只能用于封闭式集装箱。他们很容易与所有类型的平板集装箱一起使用，但不建议。

 

已经提及，为了确保荷载物的足够紧固，有必要在整个运输过程中维持预拉伸力。作为缺少边缘保护器的结果，即使是荷载中最小的缝隙、荷载物的沉降、荷载物的弯曲或压缩、或栓系工具切进荷载物能够使预拉伸力减小为零。

带有突出部分的荷载物不适合栓系，另一个原因是：

作为在下部区域的不适合栓系角度的结果，实际上不可能获得充足的预拉伸力，无论使用哪种类型的栓系材料。因此，风险特别高，包装物将在运输过程中移动。

简而言之，如果装载物没有缝隙或缝隙被填上，摩擦环或栓系只能真正用作紧固的一种有效形式。如果有小缝隙，推荐使用楔子或斜压板。大缝隙应用木料或其他相当强度的材料支撑。这也有可能产生足够的高压。如果不可能，荷载物应用其他方法紧固。不具有足够弹性的栓系材料不适合用作栓系。那些具有适当弹性的材料，例如栓系带，在使用过程中会渐渐失去其预拉伸力。如果荷载处在震动中，该过程会加快。

必须检查栓系，如有必要，定期拉紧。当荷载物转入集装箱时，这是不可能的，所以栓系不适合紧固集装箱内的荷载物。再者，如果可以用另一种方法进行紧固，应避免栓系！

栓系常做的一件事是直接栓系，防止垂直位移

也可以通过使用楔子获得摩擦紧固。另一个做法是将压力作用于荷载上，向下压。如果没有可用的/可及的栓系点，这种紧固方法可以用于密封性集装箱。先决条件是能够承受该荷载的运输方式的组件的可及性。

基于产生的紧固力的量级、包装物的敏感性和运输方式的组件恢复性，可以使用方木、铺板和纸板。小心：在非常小的角度，横向对角拉撑会产生极端垂直力。

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