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南非土木工程施工标准 BE1部分：一般土方工程 英文原文节选 20100079 2-1 |
1 Scope
This part of SANS 2001 covers earthworks carried out with heavy construction equipment or light
construction equipment, or by hand, for general excavations, terracing, landscaping and cut and fill
operations, such as in minor roads and private railway sidings. It specifies requirements for
excavations for foundations for bridges, buildings and structures. It also covers excavation, filling,
compaction and finishing.
NOTE 1 SANS 1921-5 establishes further requirements for executing earthworks activities by hand.
NOTE 2 SANS 1921-1 establishes management requirements for earthworks.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national
and international standards can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division.
SANS 2001-BS1, Construction works – Part BS1: Site clearance.
SANS 10403:2003, Formatting and compilation of construction procurement documents.
TMH1-A3, Standard methods of testing road construction materials – Method A3: The determination
of the plastic limit and plasticity index of soils.
TMH1-A7, Standard methods of testing road construction materials – Method A7: The determination
of the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of gravel, soil and sand.
TMH1-A8, Standard methods of testing road construction materials – Method A8: The determination
of the California Bearing Ratio of untreated soils and gravels.
TMH1-A10(a), Standard methods of testing road construction materials – Method A10(a): The
determination of the in-place dry density of soil or gravel by the sand replacement method.
TMH1-A10(b), Standard methods of testing road construction materials – Method A10(b): Tentative
method for determining the in-place density and moisture content of soils and gravels by nuclear
methods.
SANS 2001-BE1:2008
Edition 1
4
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the definitions given in SANS 10403 and the following apply.
3.1
backfill
material placed in a certain manner in an excavation after specified operations have been
performed
3.2
borrow material
material obtained from various sources, such as borrow pits and widening of excavations
3.3
borrow pit
excavation made for the procurement of material
3.4
CBR
California bearing ratio
load in newtons, expressed as a percentage of standard values, required to allow a piston of
1 935 mm2 to penetrate a surface of a compacted material at a rate of 1,27 mm/min to depths of
2,54 mm, 5,08 mm and 7,62 mm where the corresponding standard values for these depths are
13,344 kN, 20,016 kN and 25,354 kN, respectively
3.5
deviation
difference between the actual (i.e. measured) dimension or position and the specified dimension or
position
3.6
formation
prepared surface on which the ballast and track are laid
3.7
liquid limit
empirically established moisture content at the boundary between the liquid and the plastic states
3.8
modified AASHTO maximum dry density
highest density obtainable when compaction is carried out on soil at varied moisture contents at the
modified AASHTO compaction effort in accordance with the requirements of TMH1-A7
3.9
OMC
optimum moisture content
moisture content at which the maximum dry density of a soil is obtained for a specific compaction
effort
3.10
overbreak
excavation carried out in excess of the theoretical or specified profile
3.11
overburden
unsuitable or unusable material cover over usable material in a cutting or borrow pit原件下载：  |
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